By Allan Kai

A recent study published in the PLOS One Journal has revealed that Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) managed through shared governance, involving collaboration between government agencies, local communities, and other stakeholders, are significantly more effective in promoting ecological conservation than those governed solely by state authorities.

The research, led by Andrea Mast from Dalhousie University alongside experts from Duke University, The Wildlife Conservation Society and other institutions, analyzed data from 217 MPAs across 37 countries. The study sheds light on the pivotal role governance structures play in achieving ecological success in marine conservation efforts.

Kenya Wildlife Service Rangers working with community members in planting mangroves in Watamu Marine National Park and Reserve. Photo: Courtesy 

MPAs with shared governance were found to be 98% more likely to have higher fish biomass—a key indicator of ecological health—compared to those under state-only governance. Within shared governance, collaborative models, which emphasize stakeholder involvement and decision-making partnerships, yielded the best results, with fish biomass levels 49% higher than nationally governed MPAs.

Other factors contributing to success included:

• Older MPAs: Sites established for longer periods showed better ecological outcomes, attributed to the time needed for ecosystems to recover.
• No-Take Zones: MPAs that prohibited fishing in some areas demonstrated increased fish biomass.
• Economic Resources: Countries with higher GDPs saw better results, likely due to increased funding and capacity for environmental management.

As global conservation efforts aim to protect 30% of the ocean by 2030, this study offers critical insights for policymakers. It highlights that inclusive and participatory governance models not only support biodiversity but also ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes for local communities reliant on marine resources.

"Shared governance enables diverse voices to influence conservation planning, fostering cooperation and a sense of ownership among stakeholders," Mast explained. "This ultimately leads to more resilient ecosystems and improved ecological results."

The study calls on governments, conservation organizations, and international bodies to prioritize collaborative and decentralized governance models. These approaches not only enhance ecological outcomes but also promote social equity by ensuring that communities most affected by MPAs are actively involved in decision-making.

MPAs can play a crucial role in achieving sustainable fisheries, ensuring that fishing communities not only survive but also sustain their livelihoods over the long term. During last year's Annual Fishers’ Forum, organized by the WCS Kenya Marine Program, Dr. Tim McClanahan, Director of Science at WCS, emphasized the importance of collaborative efforts in fisheries management during his presentation on “Fish Catch Trends.” He highlighted the establishment of MPAs as a key strategy, paired with effective governance models that involve local communities and stakeholders in decision-making processes.